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Marginalized/Vulnerable Populations
Marginalized Populations are defined as: diverse populations such as Lesbians, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexuals; Incarcerated and Newly Released; Migrants; Immigrants; Seniors; Pregnant Women; Homeless; English as a Second Language communities; Dually and Triply Diagnosed. |
Table of Contents
The following resources are available from the AETC NMC Electronic Library as well as repository locations of our collaborative partners. Materials are listed with most recent items first.
Adolescents
- Using culturally sensitive media messages to reduce HIV-associated sexual behavior in high-risk African American adolescents: results from a randomized trial
The purpose of this study is to test the long-term effects of a mass media intervention that used culturally and developmentally appropriate messages to enhance HIV-preventive beliefs and behavior of high-risk African American adolescents.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Health care transition for youth living with HIV/AIDS
This review discusses the unique transition challenges to consider for this population, including socioeconomic and health insurance status, the special role of the pediatric or adolescent provider as family, stigma and disclosure issues, cognitive development and mental health issues, medication adherence, and sexual, reproductive, and gender health concerns.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Adolescents and HIV Infection: The Pediatrician's Role in Promoting Routine Testing
This policy statement reviews the epidemiologic data and recommends that routine screening be offered to all adolescents at least once by 16 to 18 years of age in health care settings when the prevalence of HIV in the patient population is more than 0.1%. This statement addresses many of the real and perceived barriers that pediatricians face in promoting routine HIV testing for their patients.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Sexual Health of Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States Fact Sheet
This fact sheet provides key data on sexual activity, pregnancy, contraceptive use, prevalence of STIs among teenagers and young adults, and access to reproductive health services
Source: KFF 2011
- Updated Slide Set: HIV Surveillance in Adolescents and Young Adults, CDC 2010
Slides on HIV infection surveillance in adolescents and young adults, with updated information from the 2010 HIV surveillance report.
- Adolescent Sexual Health and the Dynamics of Oppression: A Call for Cultural Competency.
This paper makes recommendations for those who work with youth to understand the impact of prejudice and discrimination on vulnerable adolescents, to assess and address their needs, and to build on their assets.
Source: Advocates for Youth August 2010
- What are Black Women's HIV Prevention Needs? March 2009
This fact sheet addresses the number of challenges that African American women face that contribute to their higher rates of HIV infection.
African Americans/Blacks
- African-Americans' Perceptions of Health Care Provider Cultural Competence that Promote HIV Medical Self-Care and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence.
Findings of this study indicate the need for increased attention to the role of cultural competence in HIV/AIDS care. Understanding patient perceptions of provider cultural competence has the potential to improve HIV treatment adherence and health outcomes. Findings of this study indicate the need for increased attention to the role of cultural competence in HIV/AIDS care. Understanding patient perceptions of provider cultural competence has the potential to improve HIV treatment adherence and health outcomes. Source: PubMed 2013
- Fact Sheet: Black Americans and HIV/AIDS. This updated fact sheet highlights the epidemic's impact on Black Americans, providing current data and trends over time.
Source Kaiser Family Foundation 2013
- Black Americans and HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet
Black Americans have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS since the epidemic’s beginning, and that disparity has deepened over time
Source: KFF July 2012
- Back of the Line: The State of AIDS Among Black Gay Men in America 2012
Comprehensive report outlines the health crisis among Black MSM including health disparities, healthcare barriers and risks, and strategies for change going forward. The report includes data, a timeline of events, articles, interviews and more. Follow the link above to read the full report.
Source: Black AIDS Institute
- HIV/AIDS Prevention Education: Developing Cultural Competent Programs for African Americans
The purpose of this exploratory theory-based article is to discuss the extent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the African American community, variables that contribute to HIV/AIDS among African Americans, and culturally relevant program designs and instructional strategies that support African Americans' prevention needs and demonstrate respect for their cultural and family values.
Source: PubMed 2012
- Black Americans and HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet
Black Americans have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS since the epidemic’s beginning, and that disparity has deepened over time
Source: KFF 2011
- Health Perceptions of African HIV-infected Patients and their Physicians.
This study explored how patients from Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) infected with HIV and living in Switzerland, and their treating physicians perceived their health, whether these perceptions correlated with biological markers, and what organizational changes participants considered likely to improve quality of care. Patients and physicians did not agree in their evaluation of patients' health status. Patients did not perceive their health through biological markers, but linked their mental health with their socioeconomic context. Physicians underestimated patients' biological health and their evaluation of global health. This illustrates the importance of accessing patients' perspective and not relying solely on physicians' perception of the problem. Source: PubMed 2010
- The Missing Element: Incorporating Culturally-Specific Clinical Practices in HIV Prevention Programs for African-American Females
This article describes behavioral change interventions tailored to address cultural and socioeconomic aspects of HIV prevention among African-American females.
Source: PubMed 2010
- The Four Cs of HIV Prevention with African Americans: Crisis, Condoms, Culture, and Community
Article on how HIV/AIDS continues to be a devastating epidemic with African American communities carrying the brunt of the impact.
Source: PubMed 2010
- The Missing Element: Incorporating Culturally-specific Clinical Practices in HIV Prevention Programs for African-American Females.
African American females are disproportionally affected with new cases of HIV. High risk sexual practices contribute significantly to the incidence and prevalence of this public health problem. It is critical for advance practice nurses to acknowledge the relevance of cultural sensitivity when providing optimal care to African-American females. This article describes behavioral change interventions tailored to address cultural and socioeconomic aspects of HIV prevention among African-American females who attend historically black colleges and universities and is relevant for the African-American community at large. Source: PubMed 2010
- Learning from successful interventions: A culturally congruent HIV risk-reduction intervention for African American men who have sex with men and women.
Few HIV prevention interventions have been developed for African American men who have sex with men or who have sex with both men and women. Many interventions neglect the historical, structural or institutional, and sociocultural factors that hinder or support risk reduction in this high-risk group.
Source: PubMed 2009
- Moving beyond "the down low": a critical analysis of terminology guiding HIV prevention efforts for African American men who have secretive sex with men.
HIV continues to affect African American populations in the United States at disproportionate levels. Recent reports have described potentially high-risk behaviors of African American men who identify as heterosexual but who engage in secretive sex with other men.
Source: PubMed 2009
- A Culturally Competent Model of Care for African Americans
This article addresses the issue of health disparities among African Americans by providing nurses with a practice model of cultural competence.
Source: PubMed 2009
American Indians/Alaska Natives
- March 20 is National Native American HIV/AIDS Awareness Day!
See information from the National Native American AIDS Prevention Center | See the AETC-NMC's BESAFE Native American Model Book detailing the BESAFE model for Native Americans.
- American Indian gay, bisexual and two-spirit men: a rapid assessment of HIV/AIDS risk factors, barriers to prevention and culturally-sensitive intervention.
Epidemiological data indicate that HIV and AIDS are disproportionately affecting American Indians. Specific to American Indian men identifying as gay, bisexual, two-spirit or who have same-sex experiences, this study assessed HIV-risk behaviors and barriers to testing, prevention and treatment efforts. Barriers to treatment in the study included a mistrust of the current healthcare system, a perceived lack of support from the Indian Health Service for AIDS care and a lack of transportation to healthcare appointments. Lastly, participants discussed and supported culturally-sensitive treatment services. This study calls attention to the value of an American Indian-specific HIV/AIDS service organization, the presence of indigenous service providers in the community and culturally-sensitive healthcare providers. Source: PubMed 2011
- HIV/AIDS among American Indians/Alaska Natives living in Montana: a descriptive study
This study examines the epidemiology of HIV among AI/ANs in Montana, barriers to HIV testing and motivations to test.
Source: PubMed 2011
- Cross Culture Medicine
The subtleties of interpersonal relationships (which, when understood by health professionals make them more successful in caring for patients) are particularly important among the Navajo.
Source: IHS
- Principles for Culturally Competent Health Care for Native Americans
This article discusses how important it is to support existing Native American practices related to healing and prevention.
Source: MSH
- Use this link to access the latest citations about Arab Americans and HIV/AIDS fom PubMed, the National Library of Medicine's database of biomedical literature.
Arab Americans
Asian Americans
- May 19th is National Asian & Pacific Islander HIV/AIDS Awareness Day.
- May 19, 2011: 7th Annual National Asian & Pacific Islander HIV/AIDS Awareness Day Report. This report is a compilation of The Banyan Tree Project 2011 progress and lessons learned. It provides a detailed look at the ever-growing Banyan Tree Project network, and the impact of their work has on the A&PI community.
Source: The Banyan Tree Project 2012
- Gender power control, sexual experiences, safer sex practices, and potential HIV risk behaviors among young Asian-American women
Researchers examined the prevalence of three domains of sexual behaviors among young Asian-American women: sexual experiences, safer sex practices, and potential HIV risk behaviors. Researchers also investigated the impact of gender power control on these domains.
Source: PubMed, January 2012
- Asian American Health Research: What Community Agencies on the Front Line Need to Know
This report shows that for some health promotion curricula that have proven effective among general populations, there is no evidence that these curricula will be as effective among Asian American populations, particularly those with limited English proficiency. Thus, to be most effective, community agencies working to improve the health of Asian Americans require a deep knowledge of their target community and have evidence-based programs and policies at their disposal.
Source: Project Muse 2012
- A forgotten population: Addressing comprehensive HIV prevention needs among American Asians and Pacific islanders.
Source: PubMed July-August 2010
- Traditional Asian Health Beliefs & Healing Practices DOC
This article discusses the basic concepts behind the traditional medicines and healing practices of Asian cultures.
Source: PubMed 2011
- Strategies for providing cultural competent health care for Hmong Americans.
This paper enumerates the barriers to providing health care to Hmong Americans and presents approaches for demonstrating respect for Hmong culture when providing quality health care. The authors emphasize the value of cultural exchange.
Source: PubMed 2010
- Partner communication and HIV testing among US Chinese college students
The objectives of this study were to explore the role of partner communication and relationship status on HIV testing among Chinese/Chinese American college students in northern California.
Source: PubMed May-June 2010
- Encouraging Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders to Talk About HIV/AIDS "Saving face can't make you safe. Talk about HIV"
This topic was the theme for the sixth annual observance of National Asian and Pacific Islander HIV/AIDS Awareness Day aimed at encouraging APIs to break the silence and address the impact of HIV in their communities.
Source: The White House blog May 2010.
- HIV testing among sexually experienced Asian and Pacific Islander young women association with routine gynecologic care.
The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of sexually experienced Asian and Pacific Islander (API) women tested for HIV during the past 12 months, and to investigate the extent to which routine gynecologic care (RGC) increases HIV testing among API women.
Source: PubMed July-August 2009
- Ethno-cultural and linguistic transference and countertransference: From Asian perspectives
The multicultural counseling movement emerged in response to a diversified society and an increasing need to bring awareness of culture into clinical practice. Using postmodern theories, shifting from "discovering insights," which suggests an objective knowing, to "identifying meanings," which posits being aware of multiple subjective realities, this article delineates clinical examples of how ethno-cultural and linguistic transference and countertransference are manifested and either are neglected or used in the clinical practice from the perspectives of traditional Asian cultures.
Source: PubMed 2009
- Chopsticks don't make it culturally competent: addressing larger issues for HIV prevention among gay, bisexual, and queer Asian Pacific Islander men.
This article explores what factors HIV prevention service providers and active volunteers who are also members of the groups that they serve believe need to be addressed before a culturally appropriate intervention strategy for gay, bisexual, and queer Asian Pacific Islander men can be developed. The authors interviewed 3 focus groups to collect qualitative data on how to make services more culturally competent.
Source: PubMed 2009
- Asian and Pacific Islander Americans (2006, NMAETC)
This fact sheet focueses on culture, the impact of the HIV epidemic, barriers to care and recommendations for providers serving the community.
Health Literacy
- How Effective Healthcare Communication Contributes to Health Equity
This video addresses provider health literacy, contribute to improving the quality of services for culturally and linguistically diverse populations as well as people with limited health literacy skills
Source: PubMed 2012
- Doctor/Patient Communication | Our Stories, Our Health
This video discusses how many Southeast Asian immigrants are unable to obtain adequate healthcare because of language barriers. They can't effectively communicate with healthcare providers, and are unable to navigate the complicated system
Source: PubMed 2010
Hispanics/Latinos
- National Latino AIDS Awareness Day: October 15
The Latino Commission on AIDS (LCOA), the Hispanic Federation and many other organizations organize this day. Find NLAAD resources at http://www.nlaad.org/, including posters, graphics, PSAs and themed materials. Read CDC’s feature on HIV and Latinos.
- Fact Sheet: Latinos and HIV/AIDS. This updated fact sheet highlights the impact of HIV/AIDS on Latinos in the United States, providing current data and trends over time.
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation
2013
- Latinos and HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet
Latinos in the United States continue to be heavily impacted by HIV/AIDS, accounting for higher rates of new HIV infections, AIDS diagnoses, and people living with HIV than their white counterparts
Source: KFF July 2012
- Pyschosocial and cultural correlates of depression among Hispanic men with HIV infection: a pilot study.
The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the relationships between depression and other psychosocial factors (self-esteem, Hispanic stress, substance abuse and violence) and cultural factors (familism and Hispanic stress) among a sample of Hispanic men with HIV infection.
Source: PubMed February 2012
- Sociocultural and Structural Barriers to Care among Undocumented Latino Immigrants with HIV Infection
This study offers insight into the unique sociocultural and structural barriers faced by undocumented Latinos with HIV infection. Understanding and addressing these barriers will prove vital in the development and implementation of strategies to promote early entry into HIV care.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Empowering Latino Church Leaders to Deal with the HIV-AIDS Crisis: A Strengths-Oriented Service Model
This study explores ideology and attitudes of Latino church leaders in the United States toward HIV/AIDS.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Hispanic women's experiences with substance abuse, intimate partner violence, and risk for HIV
This study supports the importance of addressing substance abuse, violence, and risk for HIV in an integrated manner and stresses the importance of addressing associated cultural factors (e.g., acculturation, machismo) in interventions targeting Hispanics.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- A Traves de Nuestros Ojos (Through Our Eyes): Promoting Health and Social Equity to Address HIV/AIDS Among Latino Gay Men
The study represents LGM voices from diverse socio-economic backgrounds across the U.S. and gives voice to those who, as state health officials and CBOs, are responsible for providing HIV prevention and care and treatment services to LGM. 2011
- Older Latina Women and HIV/AIDS: An Examination of Sexuality and Culture as They Relate to Risk and Protective Factors.
Older Latina women are one of the least studied American demographic groups with regard to social, health, or sexual behavior. Currently, older Latina women are one of the fastest growing groups of new AIDS cases. The article addresses risk and protective factors related to gender roles, traditional Latino family values, religion, socioeconomic factors, health, and health care, with special attention to the triple jeopardy faced by this population by virtue of being female, seniors, and minorities. The article concludes with recommendations for the development of culturally competent practices with older Latinas and the development of a research agenda to better understand their risk-related and health-seeking behavior. Source: PubMed 2009
- Correlates of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and associated high-risk behaviors among male clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico
Article examines the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among female sex workers in two Mexico-US border. 2009
- The Impact of Acculturation on Utilization of HIV Prevention Services and Access to Care among an At-Risk Hispanic Population
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of acculturation with HIV and hepatitis C testing, and access to care among Hispanics at risk for HIV. HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects Hispanics in the United States, a diverse and heterogeneous population.
Source: J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2009
- HIV/ AIDS among Hispanic/Latinos
This Virgina Department of Health report shows that Virginia’s Hispanic/Latino population grew 59% between 2000 and 2008, based on US Census population estimates, and that one in 433 Hispanics/Latinos in Virginia are known to be living with HIV infection
Source VDH 2009
- Self-Reporting Assessment for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate HIV Prevention Programs for Latino/Hispanic Populations
This self-reporting assessment tool is designed to assist Community Based Organizations (CBO) to identify strengths and potential gaps in providing culturally and linguistically appropriate HIV prevention services to Latino/Hispanic populations in their service areas.
Source: JSI
- Use this link to access the latest citations about Homelessness and HIV/AIDS fom PubMed, the National Library of Medicine's database of biomedical literature.
Homelessness and HIV/AIDS
- Improving the Health of the Homeless: Advice for Physicians.
Homeless individuals suffer from a constellation of health issues, experience barriers to medical care that are both recognizable and hidden, and score worse on measures of health outcomes than the general population. The article describes common conditions affecting homeless people and discusses how patient-centered comprehensive primary care, collaboration between health care providers and social service organizations, and innovative delivery of medical respite services can result in better care for this population. Source: PubMed 2012
- Addressing Cultural and Linguistic Competence in the HCH (Health Care Homeless) Setting: A Brief Guide. HCH providers are sensitive to their client's attitudes,beliefs, and behaviors, many of which are shaped by their direct experience of poverty and homelessness. 2011
- Use of Complementary & Alternative Therapies in Homeless Health Care. This issue of Healing Hands explains what is meant by CAM, describes the major theoretical systems and practices it comprises, and discusses therapies currently used by Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) practitioners—including nutritional supplements, acupuncture, and mindfulness-based stress reduction—and the extent to which their efficacy has been tested.
Incarcerated Patients Living with HIV/AIDS
- HIV-Related Research in Correctional Population: Now is the Time
The overlapping epidemics of incarceration and HIV present a need for academic medical centers to collaborate with the criminal justice system to improve the health of incarcerated populations.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Consideration in HIV Prevention for Women Affected by the Criminal Justice System
This paper presents data on HIV risk and other health issues specific to this community of women and girls, discusses key factors for consideration when developing gender-responsive HIV strategies for these communities, and makes recommendations for inclusion in the National HIV/AIDS Strategy and other state and local HIV prevention efforts.
- HIV Treatment in the Criminal Justice System: Critical
Knowledge and Intervention Gaps
This paper describes four major challenges to successful management of HIV in the criminal justice system: relapse to substance use, homelessness, mental illness, and loss of medical and social benefits.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Understanding the health needs of incarcerated men living with HIV/AIDS: a primary health care approach
This article presents a review of the literature on the health needs of incarcerated men living with HIV/AIDS.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- HIV Care in Correctional Settings
Caring for HIV-infected patients who are incarcerated is a complex and challenging task. For many of these patients, the prison health service provides their first opportunity for access to consistent health care. This chapter discusses some of the issues relevant to the HIV-infected population in correctional settings
Source: HRSA 2011
- HIV in Prisons and Jails Fact Sheet 615
Medical care in a prison or jail depends on the local facility. In general, prisoners do not receive health care that meets public health standards.
Source: AIDS InfoNet 2011
- Linking HIV-positive jail inmates to treatment, care, and social services after release: results from a qualitative assessment of the COMPASS Program
This article discusses linkages to HIV Primary Care in Jail Settings that aims to improve diagnosis and treatment services for HIV-positive jail detainees and link them to community-based medical care and social services upon release 2010
- The Health HIV Pulse Points 2010: Multiculturalism and Cultural Competency Survey
This survey reveals differing views between Hispanic/Latinos and Asian/Pacific Islanders with regards to the term multiculturalism
Source: HHIV 2010
- Sticking to Your Meds While Stuck Behind Bars: Tips from a Prison Doctor
This article identifies various tips for HIV positive prisoners to stay on track with their HIV meds while incarcerated
Source: TB 2009
- Voluntary rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in jails
Effects of providing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid testing to persons in jails, identify previously undiagnosed cases of HIV infection, and refer HIV-infected inmates to care, treatment, and prevention services 2009
- HIV Care in the Correctional Setting
This article outlines the delivery of health care in jails and prisons in particular the management of HIV where there are significant disparities between jails and prisons, and between local, city, state, and federal systems
Source: TB 2009
- HIV in Prisons, 2007-08 BJS 2009-2010
This report provides the number of state and federal prisoners who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or had confirmed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) at year end 2007 and 2008, categorized by gender, type of infection, and HIV infection by region and state
Source: BJS 2010
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning (LGBTQ)
- September 27 is National Gay Men's HIV/AIDS Awareness Day
The National Association of People with AIDS (NAPWA) is the lead organizer for this day which was launched in 2008.
For more information about this day including resources to plan local events, visit www.napwa.org. Follow NAPWA on Twitter.
Download this CDC fact sheet on HIV among gay and bisexual men (PDF 483 KB) and other resources from CDC.
- Health Equity Series: Responding to LGBT Health Disparities. Examines how LGBT individuals in Missouri and across the country experience poorer health outcomes than their heterosexual peers.
Source:
The Missouri Foundation for Health 2012
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health Fact Sheet 2012. This factsheet explains why Eliminating LGBT health disparities and enhancing efforts to improve LGBT health are necessary to ensure that LGBT individuals can lead long, healthy lives.
Source Healthy People 2020
- Top Health Issues for LGBT Populations Information & Resource Kit informs health care providers and prevention specialists about the health experiences of LGBT populations. Understanding the health issues of LGBT individuals is a significant step in improving access to care and the quality of behavioral health services.
Source: SAMHSA 2012
- Why Gather Data On Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in CLinical Settings
This report explains that gathering sexual orientation and gender identity data from patients is essential to providing appropriate health care to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people, who face significant documented health disparities. It also helps providers to better understand these disparities.
Source: The Fenway Institute 2012
- How to Gather Data On Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Clinical Settings
This brief discusses two methods for gathering sexual orientation and gender identity from patients, by asking questions on the patient registration (intake) form, and by requiring that providers gather this information directly from patients during medical visits, recording responses in the electronic medical record.
Source: The Fenway Institute 2012
- HIV Infection among Transgender People
Transgender communities in the United States are among the groups at highest risk for HIV infection. Transgender people are gender identity minorities. The term gender identity refers to a person’s basic sense of self, of identifying as male, female, or some other gender
(e.g., transgender, bigender, intersex).
Source: CDC 2011
- Effective Response
AIDS: the Early Years and CDC's Response
Supplements
October 7, 2011 / 60(04);64-69 MMWR (1). The article summarizes CDC response to AIDS from the initial 1981 MMWR description of five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among homosexual men in Los Angeles- the first published report about an illness that would become known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-to the first International Conference on AIDS held in 1985. The authors recommend applying lessons from these early years to the future: 1) the importance of surveillance, 2) rapid identification of the causal agent, 3) innovations in diagnostics and treatment, 4) emphasis on prevention, and 5) importance of personal commitment to advocacy, research, and clinical care quality.
Source: PubMed 2011
- Gay and Bisexual Men's Health CDC 2011
This article addresses homophobia, stigma, and discrimination and its continued negative affect on the health and well-being of gay, bisexual, other men who have sex with men (MSM), and other members of the LGBT community. The article discusses how these issues affect health care access and service quality.
- The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding
The Institute of Medicine released this consensus report to develop a more complete picture of the health status of people who are LGBT and to identify research gaps.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- When health care isn’t caring
This survey is the first to examine refusal of care and barriers to health care among LGTB and HIV communities on a national scale.
Source: Lambda 2011
- Challenges associated with HIV in transgender patients
This article explores issues associated with transgenderism in the setting of HIV/AIDS, including the use of hormones along with antiretroviral agents and medications for treatment of opportunistic infections and a best practice model recommended to increase awareness among HIV providers and to improve cultural competency, sensitivity, and clinical capacity among all levels of HIV care providers.
Source: deltaaetc.org 2011
- Transgender HIV/AIDS Health Services. Best practices Guidelines
This document discusses issues related to health needs of transgender individuals living with HIV/AIDS, and identifies ways to improve delivery of services to this community.
Source Pubmed 2010
- Identifying the Needs of LGBTQ Immigrants and Refugees in Southern Arizona
This article presents findings on the quality of service provision provided to this very underserved community pertaining to health care.
Source: PubMed 2011
- Culturally Competent Care for GLBT People: Recommendations for Health Care Providers
This document provides simple and specific recommendations for health care providers to make their practice more welcoming for LBGT patients
Source: KC 2011
- HIV Prevalence Rates Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Southern United States: Population-Based Estimates by Race/Ethnicity
This is an article on estimated population-based HIV prevalence rates among MSM in the 17 southern states by race/ethnicity. Source: PubMed 2010
- HIV among Gay, Bisexual and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM)
Gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) represent approximately 2% of the US population, yet are the population most severely affected by HIV and are the only risk group in which new HIV infections have been increasing steadily since the early 1990s
Source: CDC 2010
- Exploring factors that Underlie Racial/Ethnic Disparities in HIV Risk among Young Men who have Sex with Men
Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are among the highest risk groups for HIV, and the risk distribution varies by race/ethnicity. Prevalence rates are consistently higher for minority YMSM.
Source: J Urban Health 2010
- T-SISTA: A Resource Guide for Adapting SISTA for Transwomen of Color UCSF
This is a guide to assist transwomen of color, SISTA (Sisters Informing Sisters about Topics on
AIDS) to reduce HIV risk behaviors.
Source: PubMed 2010
- What are transgender men’s HIV prevention needs? Fact Sheet UCSF
This fact sheet discusses the transgender community is diverse and not enough
research has been conducted with trans people in general. It also indicates there is limited information about transmen.
Source: PubMed 2010
- Medical treatment for men who have sex with men and are living with HIV/AIDS
The purpose of the study was to identify individual and service system characteristics that impact access, retention, and adherence to an HIV/AIDS medical treatment regimen. The study identified many men who were not likely to seek treatment after their initial HIV/AIDS diagnosis.
Source: PubMed 2009
- LGBT People of Color and People of Color Living with HIV 2009
This resource highlights results from the 2009 Lambda Legal's Health Care Fairness Survey. This survey is the first to examine experiences with refusal of care and barriers to health care access among LGBT and HIV communities on a national scale. (Fact Sheet)
- Medical Treatment for Men Who Have Sex With Men and are Living With HIV/AIDS
The purpose of the study was to identify individual and service system characteristics that impact access, retention, and adherence to an HIV/AIDS medical treatment regimen
Source: PudMed 2009
- The Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Statewide Cultural Competency Training for North Carolina Disease Intervention Specialists
At least half of all new HIV cases in the United States occur among people under the age of 25 with a substantial proportion of these infections occurring among young men who have sex with men (MSM) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2007). Current HIV research reveals an urgent need to address macro-environmental factors such as social barriers (e.g., poverty, racism, and homophobia) that contribute to health inequalities for HIV-infected populations
Source: UMI 2009
- Asset-Based Approaches for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning, Intersex, and Two-Spirit (LGBTQI2-S) Youth and Families in Systems of Care USF
This paper offers a public health approach for communities to meet the needs of families comprising a parent, child, or youth who is lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, two-spirit (LGBTQI2-S) or transitioning
Source: PubMed 2009
- Use this link to access the latest citations about MSM and HIV/AIDS fom PubMed, the National Library of Medicine's database of biomedical literature.
- More about PubMed
Men who have Sex with Men (MSM)
- Ideologies of Black churches in New York City and the public health crisis of HIV among Black men who have sex with men
The goal of this study was to explore church ideologies surrounding sexuality and health, and the relationship of these ideologies to church mobilization in response to HIV/AIDS among Black MSM.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- MSM: resurgent epidemics
The present review discusses the recent finding on behavioral risk factors for HIV transmission from cohort studies in MSM.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Mistaken assumptions and missed opportunities: correlates of undiagnosed HIV infection among black and Latino men who have sex with men
This study identifies demographic, behavioral, and psychological variables associated with being HIV positive unaware among black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM).
Source: Pubmed 2011
- 'It's my inner strength': spirituality, religion and HIV in the lives of young African American men who have sex with men
This paper examines the roles of religion and spirituality in men who have sex with men's lives, which is central in the lives of many African Americans.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Correlates of sexual, ethnic, and dual identity: a study of young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men
Having a positive attitude toward one's own sexual and ethnic identity can improve psychological well-being and self-efficacy and may reduce vulnerability to HIV infection.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- HIV/AIDS-related institutional mistrust among multiethnic men who have sex with men: Effects on HIV testing and risk behaviors
This study investigates relationships between institutional mistrust (systematic discrimination, organizational suspicion, and conspiracy beliefs), HIV risk behaviors, and HIV testing in a multiethnic sample of men who have sex with men (MSM), and to test whether perceived susceptibility to HIV mediates these relationships for White and ethnic minority MSM.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Elevated HIV prevalence despite lower rates of sexual risk behaviors among black men in the District of Columbia who have sex with men APCS
The purpose of this study was to examine HIV risk behaviors in a community-based sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) in DC. These findings suggest that among black MSM, the primary risk of HIV infection results from nontraditional sexual risk factors, and may include barriers to disclosing MSM status
and HIV testing.
Source: PubMed 2010
- Getting To Zero: Scaling-Up Health Department HIV Strategies For Gay Men/MSM
This paper called on members to examine existing programs and the allocation of resources reaching gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Both organizations pledged to advocate for targeted resources and the development of new and innovative partnerships to ensure holistic policies that impact the lives of gay men/MSM.
Source: NASTAD 2010
- Persistence of racial differences in attitudes toward homosexuality in the United States
Stigma may mediate some of the observed disparity in HIV infection rates between black and white men who have sex with men.
Source: Pubmed 2010
- Assessing HIV/AIDS Prevention Needs and Services for Young MSM in Connecticut
This study discusses young men who have sex with men (MSM) bear the greatest burden of new HIV cases (36%) in Connecticut as well as the common challenges and barriers
- Public Health Responses to the HIV Epidemic Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Qualitative Study of US Health Departments and Communities AJPH 2009
This articles discusses Black men, in the United States, who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Thus, there is a need to understand the challenges facing health departments and community-based organizations responding to the HIV epidemic among this population. We interviewed 71 AIDS program directors, health department staff, and leaders of community-based organizations in 9 states and the District of Columbia. Participants identified psychosocial factors, a lack of capacity-building efforts, and stigma as barriers to HIV prevention responses targeting Black MSM.
Source: PubMed 2009
Mental Health
- Mental Health of Deaf People.
In this article discrepancies are described between a high burden of common mental health disorders and barriers to health care. Research into factors affecting mental health of deaf children shows that early access to effective communication with family members and peers is desirable. Improved access to health and mental health care can be achieved by provision of specialist services with professionals trained to directly communicate with deaf people and with sign-language interpreters. Source: PubMed 2012
- Assessing the Mental Health Needs and Barriers to Care among a Diverse Sample of Asian American Older Adults.
The study sought to compare the prevalence rates of mental distress of Chinese, Filipino, South Asian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese older adults (aged 55 and older) to that of non-Hispanic whites; and to examine subgroup differences in utilization of mental health services. The findings of the study not only highlighted the unmet mental health needs among older Asian Americans, but also illustrated significant variations among the various Asian subgroups. Source: PubMed 2011
- Language Concordance and Patient-physician Communication regarding Mental Health Needs.
This article discusses language-related communication barriers between minority patients and their physicians may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in mental health care. Accordingly, the current study sought to examine whether perceived mental health needs and discussion of these needs differed as a function of race or ethnicity and language concordance in older Latinos and Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs). There were no significant differences in respondents' perceptions of their mental health needs across race or ethnicity or level of language concordance status (Ps > .41), although there were significant differences in whether respondents had discussed their mental health needs with their physicians according to participant race or ethnicity and language concordance status (adjusted odds ratio = 0.47, P = .04). These findings underscore the importance of overcoming language-related and cultural barriers to improve patient-provider discussions of older adults' mental health needs. Source: PubMed 2011
Migrant and Immigrant Communities
- 2012 East Coast Migrant Stream Forum: October 18 - 20, 2012
This conference, to be held in Virginia Beach, is for health care providers and outreach workers serving migrant and seasonal farmworkers.
- Use of Commercial Sex Workers among Hispanic Migrants in North Carolina: Implications for the Spread of HIV
This study examines commercial sex workers use among a randomly selected sample of foreign-born Hispanics in Durham, North Carolina
Source: GI 2011
- Impact of culture on healthcare seeking behavior of Asian Indians. This article explores the influence of culture at each of these stages in the context of Asian Indian culture. Although Asian-Indians constitute only 1.5% of the US population they are among the fastest growing minorities in the United States.
Source: PubMed 2010
- Improving communication between patients and providers using health information technology and other quality improvement strategies: focus on Asian Americans. Disparities in provider-patient communication have been shown to exist among Asian Americans, especially those who are low-income and have limited English proficiency.
Source: PubMed 2010
- Risk perception and beliefs regarding HIV infection among Ethiopian immigrants
In Ethiopia, approximately 7.5% of the urban population is HIV-positive. Nationally, 1.5 million people are living with HIV. Between 1990 and 2000, immigration into the United States by African-born immigrants increased by 130%. Individuals from Ethiopia comprise a significant portion of this immigrant population. Although there is a rich literature addressing the beliefs regarding HIV and risk perception among some immigrant populations in the United States, few studies target Ethiopian-born residents. Thus, a survey-based study addressing demographics, acculturation, awareness, beliefs and risk perception, attitudes toward susceptibility for infection, and risk behaviors targeted Ethiopian-born residents of San Diego, California.
Source: October 2009
- Healthcare experiences of limited english-proficient asian american patients: a cross-sectional mail survey. This survey evaluated the degree of health education and the quality of interpersonal care that occurs during patient visits, and their associations with patient satisfaction, in LEP Asian American patients.
Source: PubMed 2009
- Access to regular HIV care and disease progression among black African immigrants
The objective of this study wass to describe the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected black African immigrants living in King County,Washington. Authors evaluated delay in HIV diagnosis, access to HIV care, and risk of progression to AIDS or death. Once having initiated HIV care, African-born blacks accessed HIV care and progressed to AIDS at similar rates compared to U.S.-born individuals. However, African-born blacks initiated care with more advanced HIV disease. Results underscore the need for health interventions promoting HIV testing among black African immigrants and reducing barriers to HIV testing.
Source: December 2009
- LGBT Immigrant and Immigrant Living with HIV
The report presents results of a survey of LGBT immigrants and immigrants living with HIV. The survey assessed experiences with health care refusal and other barriers to health care access.
Source: PubMed 2009
- HIV screening and care for immigration detainees.
The detention of immigrants in the United States is a rapidly expanding endeavor with serious health consequences for the detainees. This detainee population represents non-criminal immigrants who are detained because of a visa violation or other immigration issue but who are not charged with any crime and do not enter the criminal justice system. HIV-positive detainees are especially vulnerable to lapses in proper medical care. Press reports have highlighted deaths and adverse medical outcomes among HIV-positive detainees.
Source: PubMed 2009
- Health Programs for Immigrants
Overview of the African Services project and its methods of providing culturally appropriate care to African Immigrants Source: African Services Committee, New York 2009
Mobility Impairment
- Health Care under the ADA: A Vision or a Mirage?
This study identified health care access barriers using recent studies documenting the health disparities experienced by people with disabilities. Some of these health care access barriers qualify as discrimination prohibited under the Americans with Disabilities Act. The broad challenge for the coming decade is to develop means to achieve effective communication and eliminate physical and programmatic barriers in more health care provider settings more consistently. The ADA can be a vigorous force in this effort as part of a multipronged strategy. Source: PubMed 2010
Multimedia: Videos to View
Muslim Americans
- American Muslim perceptions of healing: key agents in healing, and their roles.
Culturally competent care for Muslim American patients requires understanding religious and cultural frameworks for the concepts of health and healing. The authors conducted 13 focus groups in Michigan mosques to gather qualitative data on participants’ conceptual frameworks. Results showed that religious concepts were central to participants’ understanding of health and the roles of healers, including physicians.
Source: PubMed 2012
- Religious values and healthcare accommodations: voices from the American Muslim community. PubMed 2012
The authors conducte 13 focus groups in Michigan mosques to gather qualitative data on culturally competence clinical care for Muslim Americans. Responses yielded three key recommendations for healthcare accommodations: gender-concordant care, halal food, and neutral prayer space. The authors state that these accommodations will facilitate trusting and respectful patient-provider relationships and improve patients’ healthcare experiences.
Source: PubMed 2012
- Cancer: A Failure to Communicate - Reflection by Doha Raik Hamza
The author presents a case study to illustrate issues with using family members as medical interpreters, especially issues of particular relevant to Muslim patients. The author discusses the need for outreach to the Muslim community.
Source: PubMed 2012
- Confronting a Fetal Abnormality: Reflection by Doha Raik Hamza
This case highlights two important issues relevant to providing care to Muslim patients: informed consent and the use of family members as interpreters.
Source: PubMed 2012
- Cultural competence clinic: an online, interactive, simulation for working effectively with Arab American Muslim patients.
This pilot study investigates the impact of an online, interactive simulation involving an Arab American Muslim patient on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of 2nd-year medical students regarding culturally competent healthcare, both in general and specific to Arab American Muslim patients. Preliminary data suggest that the online, interactive simulation improves knowledge and skills beyond what is achieved by the basic cultural competence curriculum.
Source: PubMed 2011
- Once-daily antiretroviral therapy among treatment-experienced Muslim patients fasting for the month of Ramadan
This study evaluates once-daily antiretroviral therapy compared to twice daily ART among Nigerian Muslims patients fasting for the month of Ramadan.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Islam, medicine, and Arab-Muslim refugee health in America after 9/11
This study assess how Islam as a religious system shapes medical practice, and how Muslims view and experience medical care in the USA.
- Meeting the healthcare Needs of American Muslims: Challenges and strategies for healthcare settings
This report presents an overview of American Muslim health beliefs, describes how these beliefs impact healthcare-seeking practices, and recommends accommodations that can improve the healthcare experience of American Muslim patients.
Source: ISPU 2011
- Cultural competence clinic: an online, interactive, simulation for working effectively with Arab American Muslim patients
This pilot study investigates the impact of an online, interactive simulation involving an Arab American Muslim patient on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of 2nd-year medical students regarding culturally competent healthcare, both in general and specific to Arab American Muslim patients.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Patient-centered Care for Muslim Women: Provider and Patient Perspectives.
The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to address the gap in existing literature regarding provider perspectives about provision of high-quality, culturally appropriate, patient-centered care to Muslim women in the United States and (2) to explore congruence between provider and patient perceptions regarding barriers to and recommendations for providing such care. The findings of this study can guide future research aimed at ensuring high-quality, culturally appropriate, patient-centered healthcare for Muslim women in the United States and other western countries. Source: PubMed 2011
- Muslim patients and cross-gender interactions in medicine: an Islamic bioethical perspective
In an effort to explore the impact of Islam on the relationship between patients and providers, this study presents an Islamic bioethical perspective on cross-gender relations in the patient-doctor relationship.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Religious and Cultural Perceptions about HIV/AIDS among Muslims
Muslims have strong belief systems relating to food, dress and chastity, but one of the strongest values of this group relates to sexuality. Since sexual orientation has implications for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, the purpose of this study is to explore the views and perceptions about HIV/AIDS among Muslims in a southern city in the United States.
Source: Pubmed 2010
- Islamic religious leaders' knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS and their perception of people living with HIV/AIDS: a qualitative study
Source: Pubmed
This study explores Muslim religious leaders' perception, knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS, AIDS prevention and their attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
Source: Pubmed 2010
- Communicating with Muslim parents: "the four principles" are not as culturally neutral as suggested
This paper challenges the appropriateness of communicating in terms of trans-cultural principles (respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice) with patients with a different background.
Source: Pubmed 2009
Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders
- American Indian gay, bisexual and two-spirit men: a rapid assessment of HIV/AIDS risk factors, barriers to prevention and culturally-sensitive intervention
This study assessed HIV-risk behaviours and barriers to testing, prevention and treatment efforts specific to American Indian men identifying as gay, bisexual, two-spirit or who have same-sex experiences. Results confirmed the value of culturally specific services.
Source: PubMed 2011
- Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders (AA & NHOPI) in the United States
This new data shows the increasing diversity of the AA&NHOPI population and the need for culturally and linguistically appropriate primary heath care services for these groups. Source: AAPCHO 2010 Fact Sheet
- Not One More: Fighting AIDS in Communities of Color
This document makes recommendations to improve HIV/AIDS Services to American Indians, Native Americans, Alaskan Natives and Native Hawaiians. Source: NMAC 2009
- Breaking Through the Silence: Key Issues and Recommendations to Address HIV/AIDS among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States
As HIV incidence rises in Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities, many health departments, community based organizations, and communities remain ill prepared to respond to the increasing HIV prevention needs of these communities. There are significant barriers that challenge HIV prevention efforts targeted directly and indirectly to these communities.
Source: APIAHF May 2009
Over 50
- Top Health Issues for LGBT Populations Information & Resource Kit
This publication informs health care providers and prevention specialists about the health experiences of LGBT populations. Source: SAMHSA 2012
- A systematic review of education for the prevention of HIV/AIDS among older Adults, PubMed 2012
Through a comprehensive literature search, the authors of this systematic review identified 21 articles focused on primary prevention of HIV/AIDS for adults aged 50 and over. Three major challenges to providing HIV/AIDS education for older adults include health professionals' ageism, older adults' reluctance to discuss sexuality, and their misconception of their HIV risk.
Source: PubMed 2012
- Inclusive Services for LGBT Older Adults: A Practical to Guide to Creating a Welcoming Agencies NRC on LGBT Aging
This guide was created to answer these questions and help you as service providers to
understand the unique barriers that LGBT older adults face, as well as the many ways
to improve and expand the continuum of care and services available
Source: PubMed 2012
- A systematic review of education for the prevention of HIV/AIDS among older adults
The authors conducted a systematic literature review on primary prevention of HIV/AIDS among adults aged 50 and older. They summarize challenges to prevention, clinical guidelines, and HIV/AIDS education models. The authors conclude that additional research on effective prevention and additional outreach efforts are needed to provide adequate services to people in this age group.
Source: PubMed 2012
- The National HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness Day (NHAAAD), observed on September 18. National HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness day focuses on the challenging issues facing the aging population with regards to HIV prevention, testing, care and treatment. In addition, there is an increased need for prevention, research, and data targeting the aging population, medical understanding of the aging process and its impact on HIV/AIDS. Resources: AIDS Institute. The AIDS Institute: Announces over twenty registered events for the 5th annual National HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness Day (NHAAAD).
- HIV/AIDS and Older Adults: Fact Versus Fiction
This article talks about the many myths and misconceptions surround HIV and AIDS, particularly for people over 50 living with the disease. HIV and AIDS have long been subject to many myths and misconceptions, many of which concern older adults. Thanks to recent advancements in HIV/AIDS treatments, particularly highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAART), many people living with HIV/AIDS are living long, healthy lives, transforming HIV into a chronic but manageable illness. Therefore, it is no surprise that research shows that adults age 50 and over comprise a significant—and growing—number of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), as well as those newly diagnosed with HIV and AIDS each year. Source: NRC-LGBT Aging 2011
- What's Hard About Living with HIV/AIDS When You're Over 50? 2011
Source: PubMed 2011
- "I'm not going to die from the AIDS": resilience in aging with HIV disease
This study seeks to examine the lived experiences of older adults with HIV/AIDS as it relates to strengths and resilience in dealing with this devastating disease.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- HIV/AIDS interventions in an aging U.S. population
HIV prevention for people over 50 is an important health concern, especially as the U.S. population grows older. This article reviews the current interventions and proposes possible HIV/AIDS prevention effort for older adults.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Religion, spirituality, and older adults with HIV: critical personal and social resources for an aging epidemic
This paper presents a model of barriers to successful aging with HIV, along with a discussion of how spirituality and religiousness may help people overcome these barriers. From this synthesis, implications for practice and research to improve the quality of life of this aging population are provided.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- What do we know about older adults and HIV? A review of social and behavioral literature
This review assesses the state of knowledge of the sociocultural and behavioral factors associated with aging with HIV.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Growing older with the epidemic: HI V and aging
This paper details what we know about HIV among older adults, what we do not yet understand, and what improvements can be made to better prepare the country to care for this population.
Source: Pubmed 2010
- A Tool for Serving Diverse Communities US Administration on Aging
This Toolkit provides the Aging Network and its partners with replicable and easy-to-use methods for providing respectful, inclusive, and sensitive services for any diverse community….
Source: USAA
Pediatrics
Physically Challenged
- Addressing Intersections in HIV/AIDS and Mental Health: The Role of Organizations for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Individuals in South Africa.
This article reveals that deaf and hard of hearing South Africans, just like the general population, are at risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS and having mental disorders, resulting from barriers to communication and care. The need to focus on HIV/AIDS education, prevention, and mental health services were seen as activities to reduce communication barriers. Source: PubMed 2012
- Deaf Community Health Workers Provide Culturally Appropriate Education and Support to Deaf Patients, Improving Patient Knowledge and Engagement
Under a program known as the Deaf Community Health Worker Initiative, trained deaf individuals assist members of the Minnesota Deaf community, including deaf immigrants, in understanding medical information and becoming active participants in their own care. Source: AHRQ 2012
- Assuring Health Equity for Minority Persons with Disabilities ACMH July
Along with poorer health and higher use of health care, the NCD report documents that barriers to preventive services disproportionately affect people with disabilities: for example, persons with disabilities are less likely to receive counseling for smoking cessation than are persons without disabilities. Other barriers include health care provider stereotypes about disabilities; lack of appropriate provider training; and a lack of accessible medical facilities and examination equipment, sign language interpreters, and individualized accommodation
Source: PubMed July 2011
- A handbook on best practices regarding HIV and AIDS for people with disabilities
This handbook aims to increase awareness of disability and HIV, to share knowledge and to give examples of best practices. It also invites study of the impact of the AIDS epidemic on people with disabilities and seeks to incite a wider action to achieve universal access for people with disabilities to HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.
Source: PubMed February 2011
- Assessing Deaf Cultural Competency of Physicians and Medical Students.
This report suggests training medical students in deaf cultural competency can significantly increase their capacity to care for community members and reduce the health disparities experienced by deaf community. Source: PubMed 2011
- Impact of Communication on Preventive Services among Deaf American Sign Language Users.
The goal of this study was to determine whether provider language concordance is associated with improved receipt of preventive services among deaf respondents. Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) users face communication and language barriers that limit healthcare communication with their providers. Prior research has not examined preventive services with ASL-skilled clinicians. Source: PubMed 2011
- Role-reversal Exercise with Deaf Strong Hospital to Teach Communication Competency and Cultural Awareness.
This paper discusses a role-reversal exercise to increase first-year pharmacy students' awareness of communication barriers in the health care setting, especially for deaf and hard-of-hearing patients. Source: PubMed 2011
- Sensitive Care for the Deaf: A Cultural Challenge.
This article discusses the deaf community, their culturally based health care needs, and health care providers' (HCPs) lack of understanding and recognition of deafness as a distinct culture, which individually or cumulatively result in barriers to receiving culturally sensitive care that can lead to disparities in care. It suggests transcultural methods can be used to narrow the cultural divide. Source: PubMed 2011
- What do deaf high school students know about HIV?
Deaf adolescents who use American Sign Language (ASL) as their main communication mode are, like their hearing age peers, at risk for acquiring HIV. Many sources of HIV information (radio and television) are not accessible to these adolescents. The authors discuss this population’s need for school-based linguistically and culturally accessible HIV prevention education.
Source: PubMed December 2010
- Sexual vulnerability and HIV seroprevalence among the deaf and hearing impaired in Cameroon
This quantitative cross-sectional study examines sexual behaviour of a target group of hearing-impaired persons in Yaounde, the capital city of the Republic of Cameroon. It measures their HIV prevalence to enable assessment of their sexual vulnerability and to help reduce the gap in existing HIV serology data among people with disabilities in general and the deaf in particular.
Source: PubMed February 2010
- Access to Medical Care for Individuals with Mobility Disability, U.S. Department of Justice and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ADA Act 2010
Accessibility of doctors’ offices, clinics, and other health care providers is essential to providing medical care to people with disabilities. Due to barriers individuals with disabilities are less likely to get routine preventive medical care than people without disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act defines requirements for accessible medical facilities. This technical assistance publication provides guidance on meeting those requirements.
Source: PubMed 2010
- Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding HIV/AIDS Among Disabled Youth in Maputo (Mozambique)].
This study deals with knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS amongst disabled youth (motor disabilities, visually or hearing impaired) aged 15 to 29 years in Maputo (Mozambique) where the prevalence rate of HIV is 20.7%. The study analyzed reasons for these differences and showed that there is a need to improve access to HIV/AIDS information, counseling and screening for young people with disabilities. A series of recommendations have been proposed based on our results. Source: PubMed 2010
- Managing mentally and physically challenged HIV patients
Management of mentally and physically challenged patients is complex, as it can involve ethical, social, and medical issues.Adding the provision of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care further complicates management. There continues to be limited information in the literature on caring for these types of patients. The authors presenttwo unique HIV cases--one who is mentally challenged and the other who is blind--and how management was approached. A list of select resources to aid both providers and patients is provided.
Source: PubMed December 2009
- The Fields of HIV and Disability: Past, Present and Future
This article provides an historic overview of the field of disability and HIV.
Source: PubMed November 2009
- Disability and AIDS Policy Brief
The relationship between HIV and disability has not received due attention, although persons with disabilities are found among all key populations at higher risk of
exposure to HIV. In addition, people living with HIV may develop impairments as the disease
progresses, and may be considered to have a disability when social, economic,
political or other barriers hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
Source: PubMed April 2009
- Barriers to Health Care for People with Hearing Loss: A Review of the Literature.
This paper aims to make health professionals more aware of the needs and cultural differences that must be considered when providing care to the Deaf population. Source: PubMed 2009
- Managing Mentally and Physically Challenged HIV Patients.
The management of mentally and physically challenged patients is complex, as it can involve ethical, social, and medical issues, and adding the provision of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care further complicates patient management. Source: PubMed 2009
- The Relation between Deaf Patients and the Doctor.
This study discusses that non-verbal communication is important when caring for deaf patients, fostering excellence in health care. When deaf patients and physicians meet, they need to overcome communication barriers that may hinder the necessary bond in healthcare and the care that is provided; this may also affect the diagnosis and treatment. It is clear that public institutions should create programs for training healthcare professionals in the appropriate care of deaf patients. Source: PubMed 2009
- The Deaf and Hard of Hearing and HIV /AIDS
This article discusses how adults with hearing loss have poorer health and increased risk of engaging in health risk behaviors than adults with good hearing. For example, the rate of substance use disorder among deaf or hard of hearing is higher than among the general population. Substance use, in turn, is linked to higher risk for HIV infection. The article discusses HRSA response in developing specific strategies to address the service needs of hearing impaired individuals who are at risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS. Source: HRSA 2008
- Position Statement on Health Care Access for Deaf Patients
This paper discusses that healthcare is routinely inaccessible to deaf people due to communication and linguistic barriers. The evidence is compelling that deaf individuals have insufficient access to health care. This results primarily from communication barriers in the health care system. Access in the form of effective communication must be created and consistently provided to create an optimal health care system. Providers should identify and document the needs of their patients and provide a range of effective communication options to ensure that quality services are delivered. At the very minimum, existing federal laws under Section 504 and the ADA require health care providers to ensure that such effective communication is achieved. Source: NAD 2008
Racial/Ethnic Minorities
- Docs' 'Cultural Competence' May Boost HIV Care.
Study finds that a physician's awareness of needs of diverse patient population is key. Source: Medline 2013
- Primary Care Provider Cultural Competence and Racial Disparities in HIV Care and Outcomes.
Provider cultural competence was associated with the quality and equity of HIV care. These findings suggest that enhancing provider cultural competence may reduce racial disparities in healthcare quality and outcomes. Source: PubMed 2013
- The Medicaid Program at a Glance. This fact sheet provides an overview of the Medicaid program, the populations that it serves, the services that it covers and the expanded role it will play under the health reform law.
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation 2013
- Role of Mobile Health in the Care of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse US Populations
Emerging trends in the health-related use of cell phones include the proliferation of mobile health applications for the care and monitoring of patients with chronic diseases and the rise in cell phone usage by Latinos and African Americans in the United States. This article reviews public policy in four areas with the goal of improving the care of patients belonging to culturally and linguistically diverse populations.
Source: AHiMA 2011
- Gender Mainstreaming Practice: Considerations for HIV/AIDS Community Organizations
As a contribution to this gap, this reflective paper aims to generate debate about some of the considerations for gender mainstreaming practice in HIV/AIDS organizations.
Source PubMed 2010
- Disparities in Diagnoses of HIV Infection between Blacks/African Americans and other Racial/Ethnic Populations--37 states, 2005-2008
Blacks/African Americans have been affected disproportionately by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection since early in the epidemic. Despite representing a smaller proportion (13.6%) of the U.S. population, blacks/African Americans accounted for half of the HIV diagnoses in adolescents and adults in 37 states during 2005-2008.
Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 2011
- Expanded HIV testing and trends in diagnoses of HIV infection
District of Columbia, 2004-2008. … in the District of Columbia (DC), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case rate is nearly 10 times the U.S. rate and higher than comparable U.S. cities, such as Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, Detroit, and Chicago. Source: PudMed/CDC 2010
- HIV/AIDS prevention in New York City: identifying sociocultural needs of the community
This article reports on the findings of a quantitative study that sought to identify the unique sociocultural needs of NYC residents who seek HIV/AIDS care.
Source: PubMed 2010
- Cultural Competency in Health Services and Care
This guide is designed to be an introductory tool for health care providers working with diverse population groups.
Source: WSDH 2010
- Social Marginalization and Children's Rights: HIV-affected children in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
This article examines the social epidemiology of HIV/AIDS within a Caribbean context and the specific ways in which children are affected. In particular, the article explores the nature of risk and vulnerability among especially marginalized children: street children.
Source: PubMed 2009
Refugees
- Identifying the needs of LGBTQ immigrants and refugees in Southern Arizona
This article reports on the results of a needs assessment conducted for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) immigrants, asylees, refugees, and their allies in Southern Arizona. It is the first study of its kind in the United States. The most significant result of this study is that respondents perceived that providers lacked awareness of LGBTQ culture and did not provide culturally competent care.
PubMed 2011
- Refugee resettlement to the United States: recommendations for a new approach
This article compares outcomes of resettlement strategies for two Laotian immigrant populations: Hmong and Thai Dam. Authors discuss the prevalence of psychosocial challenges faced by many Hmong immigrants to the United States, including difficulties with acculturation, welfare dependency, psychiatric disorder, mistrust, malignant youth gangs, and violence. These issues are much less prevalence among members of the Thai Dam tribal group. Strategies used for resettlement of these two groups differed greatly. Based on these differences, the author recommends a refugee resettlement strategy aimed at improved mental health and optimal acculturation for future refugee groups.
PubMed Aug, 2011
- Overcoming health literacy barriers: a model for action
A large influx of Indonesian immigrants seeking asylum from racial and religious persecution alerted providers in a New Hampshire community to the need for specific cultural knowledge about this ethnic group, in order to provide effective care. The providers sought to develop health education programs that provided knowledge and tools to overcome misunderstandings between providers and clients. The goal was to improve communication, improve health literacy, and prevent health disparities. A framework to understand factors that affect health literacy for local Indonesian asylum seekers guided community health education. Written educational materials for programs informed providers about health literacy barriers for this population. Community outreach engaged local pastors and interpreters as cultural brokers who collaborated with nurses to develop and implement culturally sensitive programs.
PubMed 2011
- Barriers to health care access among refugee asylum seekers
Asylum seekers have poor access to health care. Qualitative data portraying their experience is lacking. Authors conducted focus groups and interviews with 35 asylum seekers, and 15 care providers and advocates, mostly male and mostly from African countries. The study identified several barriers to care, which they categorized as internal (mental illness, fatalism), structural (service availability, food, shelter, and employment insecurity), and social assimilation barriers (system navigation difficulty, inadequate community support). The authors make recommendations for improving access, including promoting community-based organizations, enforcing the use of trained medical interpreters, and improving cultural competency.
PubMed May 2011
- Cultural competence among nurse practitioners working with asylum seekers
Asylum seekers often have complex medical needs. Little is known about the cultural competences health care providers should have in their contact with asylum seekers in order to meet their needs. This study explores the cultural competencies that nurse practitioners working with asylum seekers thought were important. Results showed that participants thought providers should have knowledge of several key factors in the country of origin: the political situation, judicial context, and common diseases. In addition, providers should understand the effects of refugeehood on health, be able to deal with asylum seekers' traumatic experiences, and be able to explain the host country's health care system. Using interpretation services was also reported to be critical.
Source: PubMed Nov 2010
- Screening for HIV-Infection During the Refugee Domestic Medical Examination
This paper summarizes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines regarding HIV screening for refugees. Since January 4th, 2010 refugees are not screened for HIV prior to arrival in the U.S. Current CDC guidelines recommend that all persons between 13 and 64 years of age be screened for HIV in health care settings. CDC also encourages screening for people of all ages. CDC recommends screening for HIV-2 for refugees who test positive for HIV and who may have been exposed in identified high-risk African countries. CDC recommends opt-out screening as part of the domestic screening examination. Guidelines emphasize the importance of cultural and linguistic competence in providing testing, diagnostic, treatment, and referral services.
CDC April, 2012
- Building community-based participatory research partnerships with a Somali refugee community
This study examined Somali immigrant women's experiences with the U.S. healthcare system, exploring how attitudes, perceptions, and cultural values, influence their use of reproductive health care. The authors report that Somali women tend to under-utilize health care. Cultural beliefs, communication barriers and low health literacy may lead to health disparities in the U.S. health system. Authors successfully used a community-based approach to eliciting community input to address these issues.
PubMed Dec 2009
- Partnering with community agencies to provide nursing students with cultural awareness experiences and refugee health promotion access
Refugees' cultural beliefs, communication barriers, and low health literacy may lead to health disparities. This article describes a teaching-learning strategy emphasizing the community partnership between a baccalaureate school of nursing, an immigrant-refugee program, and a community literacy program in a rural state. Senior community health nursing students partnered with an immigrant-refugee program and a community literacy program to provide health promotion and prevention services to recently immigrated Hmong and Russian refugees. The group identified refugees’ priority health needs. Based on the needs assessment, nursing students designed and implemented culturally appropriate health promotion and prevention education modules. Students collaborated with community agencies and businesses to increase access to health resources for these vulnerable populations. Students increased their cultural awareness and refugees increased their understanding of U.S. health care, and experienced increased care access.
PubMed Sept 2009
- Physicians' attitude towards treating refugee patients
The refugee patient's complex problems represent a challenge for primary and secondary health care. Language problems and cultural differences may cause difficulties in understanding symptoms and ailments. The authors conducted this study to assess how physicians relate to and perceive their competence for treating this patient group. The study sample was Norwegian physicians, who answered survey questions to self-report on issues related to cultural competence and challenges in providing care. Large percentages of respondents reported difficulties in getting expert advice and with referring patients to psychiatric care when it was needed.
PubMed Aug 2009
- HIV Infection in Refugees: A Case-control Analysis of Refugees in Rhode Island.
The number of HIV-infected refugees entering the USA is increasing. There is little data describing the HIV-infected refugee population and the challenges encountered when caring for them. This article discusses clinicians caring for West African HIV-infected refugees should be knowledgeable about likely co-morbidities and the impact of cultural differences on HIV care. Further studies are needed to develop culturally competent HIV treatment, education, and prevention programs for refugees who are beginning a new life in the USA. Source: PubMed March 2009
Substance Use/Abuse
- The urgency of providing comprehensive and integrated treatment for substance abusers with HIV
Substance abuse is linked to many new cases of HIV infection. Barriers such as the myth that drug users cannot adhere to HIV/AIDS treatment block progress in curbing the spread of HIV in that population. This article explains the need to aggressively seek out high-risk, hard-to-reach substance abusers and to offer them HIV testing, access to treatment, and the necessary support to remain in treatment--both for HIV and for substance abuse.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Alcohol use among patients with HIV infection
Source: Pubmed
This study evaluates alcohol use in patients with HIV infection, assesses ethnic and social associations, and describes outcomes.Source: Pubmed
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Alcohol/drug exposure, HIV-related sexual risk among urban American Indian and Alaska Native Youth: evidence from a national survey
Migration of the native populations from reservations to the urban areas has resulted in mixed ethnicities of American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) children. Minority youth require special attention and services in urban schools as they disproportionately experience poverty, low educational attainment, unemployment, and single-parent status.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Relationship between complementary/alternative treatment use and illicit drug use among a cohort of women with, or at risk for, HIV infection
The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and illegal substance use in a cohort of women with HIV or at risk for HIV disease.
Source: Pubmed 2010
- The Impact of HIV and High-Risk Behaviors on the Wives of Married Men who have Sex with Men and Injection Drug Users: Implications for HIV Prevention.
This article addresses HIV/AIDS in India disproportionately affects women, not by their own risks, but by those of their partners, generally their spouses. We address two marginalized populations at elevated risk of acquiring HIV: women who are married to men who also have sex with men (MSM) and wives of injection drug users (IDUs)
Source: PubMed 2010
- Disparities in Health Services for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C Virus, and Sexually Transmitted Infections: Role of Substance Abuse Treatment Programs.
This report focused upon the availability of infection-related health services in substance abuse treatment programs with and without addiction services tailored for special populations (women and non-white populations).
Source: PubMed 2010
- Treatment of HIV Marginalized Patients: An Approach to Documenting Medical and Psychosocial Appointments of Patients with Problematic Drug Use
This paper is to document compliance with medical and psychosocial appointments for HIV/AIDS treatment in a population of marginalized individuals with problematic drug use.
Source: PubMed 2009
- Comprehensive care may be required for substance abusers with HIV/AIDS
This article on describes comprehensive and creative strategies that may be required for clinicians treating patients with HIV/AIDS who struggle to cope with substance abuse issues.
Source: Infectious Disease News, November 2009
- Counseling Clients With HIV And Substance Abuse Disorders
White paper outlining the need for clinicians who treat patients who are living with HIV/AIDS and are substance abusers to examine their own prejudices and biases through the implementation of comprehensive cultural competency training.
Source: National Library of Medicine
- Unmet Needs Assessment Report: Ryan White Part A New Haven-Fairfield Counties Transitional Grant Area
This report was developed to help determine service gaps and barriers in the continuum of care for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH/A). Results of this client-centered activity are used to establish service priorities, document the need for specific services, determine barriers to accessing care, provide baseline data for comprehensive planning, including capacity building, and help providers improve the access and quality of service, especially to Severe Need Groups (SNGs)1 including IDUs.
Source: The New Haven-Fairfield Ryan White-HIV Health Services Planning Council and Yale University
- CIRA Research Summary
A summary of the major findings of many CIRA affiliated research projects in “user-friendly” language regarding barriers to care for substance abuse patients living with HIV as well as other HIV prevention research for drug users.
Source: Yale University in New Haven, The Institute for Community Research (ICR) and the Hispanic Health Council (HHC), both in Hartford, Connecticut
- Tips for HIV clinicians working with Methamphetamine Users
This document was designed to inform clinicians on best approaches to engaging and keeping in care, Methamphetamine users living with HIV.
Source: Pacific AIDS Education and Training Center 2010
- How will we welcome them Home? Addressing the Needs of Returning Soldiers and their Families suggests several culturally sensitive approaches to providing care to the Veteran
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Veterans
- Websites Focused on Veterans:
- Make the Connection: Shared Experiences and Support for Veterans. This site provides customized information for veterans, national guard and reserve, family and friends of the military, those in active duty, and clinicians.
- National Coalition for Homeless Veterans is the resource and technical assistance center for a national network of community-based service providers and local, state and federal agencies that provide emergency and supportive housing, food, health services, job training and placement assistance, legal aid and case management support for hundreds of thousands of homeless veterans each year.
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs: Mental Health Resources provides information on veteran servises, suicide prevention, substance abuse, sexual trauma, depression, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and information for providers.
- National HIV/AIDS Strategy Operational Plan 2011
The National HIV/AIDS Strategy Operational Plan was designed to promote a coordinated effort between Federal agencies, community organizations, and other health care settings to respond to the domestic HIV epidemic. The three primary goals of the strategy include: Reducing the n umber of Veterans who become infected with HIV; Increasing access to care and improving health outcomes for Veterans living with HIV; and reducing HIV-related health disparities. 2011
- Late diagnosis of HIV infection contributes to poor medical outcomes and helps sustain continued transmission of virus. Published evidence suggests that despite current public health recommendations, patients receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system are not being routinely tested for HIV infection. 2010
- Understanding the Military: The Institution, the Culture, and the People. This preliminary report contains information for behavioral health specialists working with veterans and service members. It provides civilians, specifically behavioral healthcare specialists working with military personnel, with a basic understanding of the unique life and culture that is the military.
Source SAMHSA 2010.
- Primary Care of Veterans with HIV – Manual. 2009
- The State of Care for Veterans with HIV/AIDS
The purpose of this report is to characterize the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) Veterans Health Administration (VHA) state of care for its population of Veterans in care for HIV disease. The first step in providing responsive care is to learn about the affected population. This State of Care report describes the distribution of Veterans with HIV/AIDS within VHA and provides basic demographic data on this population. Additionally, the report describes pharmacologic treatment, other conditions commonly seen with HIV, monitoring, screening, and vaccinations. This report is intended to provide data which can be used to assess and guide intervention to improve the quality of care VHA delivers to Veterans with HIV/AIDs. 2009
- A system-wide intervention to improve HIV testing in the Veterans Health Administration
Although the benefits of identifying and treating asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals are firmly established, health care providers often miss opportunities to offer HIV-testing.The objective of this study is to evaluate whether a multi-component intervention increases the rate of HIV diagnostic testing.
Women
- Ensuring the Health Care Needs of Women: A Checklist for Health Exchanges. To inform the development of the state health insurance Exchanges under the Affordable Care Act, this checklist identifies key coverage, affordability and access issues that are important for women. Based on lessons learned from women’s health research and the Massachusetts experience, the checklist considers essential health benefits, implementation of no-cost preventive services including contraception, provider networks and affordability, outreach and enrollment efforts, and the importance of including gender and other demographic characteristics in data collection and reporting standards.
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation 2013
- Fact Sheet: Women and HIV/AIDS in the United States. This updated fact sheet highlights the impact of HIV/AIDS on women in the United States, providing current data and trends over time.
Source: Kaiser Family Foundation
2013
- Confronting the Crisis 2012: Women and HIV Conference: November 1 - 2, 2012
Rutgers University, Student Center; New Brunswick, NJ
This conference will provide education and networking opportunities for women living with HIV/AIDS, care providers, researchers, and policy makers. Focus topics include: care and treatment, prevention, policy/advocacy, social and reproductive justice, co-morbidities, and wellness.
- Women and HIV/AIDS in the United States Fact Sheet
Women have been affected by HIV/AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic, an impact that has grown over time. Women of color, particularly Black women, have been especially hard hit and represent the majority of new HIV infections and AIDS diagnoses among women, and the majority of women living with the disease
Source: KFF July 2012
- National Women & Girls HIV/AIDS Awareness Day is March 10.
Women have been affected by HIV/AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic, an impact that has grown over time. In partnership with Community Education Group, Greater Than AIDS is mobilizing women and girls to increase knowledge about HIV/AIDS and confront the stigma surrounding the disease.
- Care for women with HIV: gender perspectives
When women face social and cultural inequality they inevitably bear increased HIV infection risks. The success of antiretroviral therapies in suppressing HIV's viral load and prolonging patient lives has made HIV a treatable chronic disease. Given the same follow-up treatments, research shows no significant differences between men and women in terms of either clinical, immunological or virological parameters at baseline or mortality after one year of antiretroviral therapy. Gender equality is essential to effective HIV prevention. Nurses must take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in HIV prevention, treatment and care programs in order to ensure equal gender access to critical healthcare services.
Source: PubMed December 2011
- YOUR Blessed Health: an HIV-prevention program bridging faith and public health communities.
African American faith-based institutions are not necessarily equipped to balance their moral and spiritual missions and interpretation of religious doctrine with complex health issues such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). YOUR Blessed Health (YBH) is a faith-based, six-month pilot project designed to increase the capacity of faith-based institutions and faith leaders to communicate about and address HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in 11- to 19-year-old African Americans. In addition to increasing the knowledge and skills of young people, the intervention seeks to change churches' norms to provide more open settings where young people can talk with faith leaders about sex, relationships, STIs, and HIV/AIDS. YBH expands the roles of adult faith leaders, particularly pastors' spouses, to include health education as they implement the intervention in their congregations and communities. The intervention includes a flexible menu of activities for faith leaders to select from according to their institutional beliefs, doctrines, and culture.
Source: PubMed January-February 2011
- Efficacy of a Health Educator-Delivered HIV Prevention Intervention for Latina Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This study developed and assessed AMIGAS (Amigas, Mujeres Latinas, Inform andonos, Gui andonos, y Apoy andonos contra el SIDA [friends, Latina women, informing each other, guiding each other, and supporting each other against AIDS]), a culturally congruent HIV prevention intervention for Latina women adapted from SiSTA (Sistas Informing Sistas about Topics on AIDS), an intervention for African American women.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Keeping Our Hearts from Touching the Ground: HIV/AIDS in American Indian and Alaska Native Women
HIV/AIDS is a critical and growing challenge to American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women's health. Conceptually guided by the Indigenist Stress-Coping Model, this paper explores the historical and contemporary factors implicated in the HIV epidemic among AIAN women and the co-occurring epidemics of sexual violence and substance abuse.
Source: Pubmed 2011
- Women and HIV/AIDS in the United States KFF Fact Sheet 2011
Women of color, particularly Black women, have been especially hard hit and represent the majority of new HIV infections and AIDS diagnoses among women
Source: KFF 2011
- A Qualitative Study of the Barriers and Facilitators to Retention-in-Care Among HIV-Positive Women in the Rural Southeastern United States: Implications for Targeted Interventions
The objective of the current study was to assess barriers and facilitators to HIV clinic visit adherence among HIV-positive women in the rural southeastern region of the United States
Source: PubMed 2010
- The Missing Element: Incorporating Culturally-Specific Clinical Practices in HIV Prevention Programs for African-American Females
This article describes behavioral change interventions tailored to address cultural and socioeconomic aspects of HIV prevention among African-American females who attend historically black colleges and universities and is relevant for the African-American
community at large
Source: PubMed 2010
- HIV and Pregnancy
These fact sheets on HIV and pregnancy are intended especially for HIV-infected women who are pregnant or thinking about becoming pregnant.
Source: AIDSINFO 2010
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