AETC-NMC | Curricula

References

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advancing HIV prevention: new strategies for a changing epidemic—United States, 2003. MMWR. 2003;52:329-332.

Institute of Medicine, National Research Council. Reducing the odds: preventing perinatal transmission of HIV in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999.

Troccoli K, Pollard H III, McMahon M, Foust E, Erickson K, Schulkin J. Human immunodeficiency virus counseling and testing practices among North Carolina providers. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100:420-427.

Epstein RM, Morse DS, Frankel RM, Frarey L, Anderson K, Beckman HB. Awkward moments in patient-physician communication about HIV risk. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:435-442.

Kellock DJ, Rogstad KE. Attitudes to HIV testing in general practice. Int J STD AIDS. 1998;9:263-267.

Frieden TR, Das-Douglas M, Kellerman SE, Henning KJ. Applying public health principles to the HIV epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2397-2402.

Walensky RP, Weinstein MC, Kimmel AD, et al. Routine human immunodeficiency virus testing: an economic evaluation of current guidelines. Am J Med. 2005;118:292-300.

Paltiel AD, Weinstein MC, Kimmel AD, et al. Expanded screening for HIV in the United States—an analysis of cost-effectiveness. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:586-595.

Rothman RE. Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for HIV counseling, testing, and referral: critical role of and a call to action for emergency physicians. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;44: 31-42.

Lyons MS, Lindsell CJ, Ledyard HK, Frame PT, Trott AT. Emergency department HIV testing and counseling: an ongoing experience in a low-prevalence area. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:22-28.

Wilson JM, Jungner G. Principles and practice of screening for disease. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1968.

Klein D, Hurley LB, Merrill D, Quesenberry CP Jr. Review of medical encounters in the 5 years before a diagnosis of HIV-1 infection: implications for early detection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32:143-152.

Alpert PL, Shuter J, DeShaw MG, Webber MP, Klein RS. Factors associated with unrecognized HIV-1 infection in an inner-city emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;28:159-164.

Liddicoat RV, Horton NJ, Urban R, Maier E, Christiansen D, Samet JH. Assessing missed opportunities for HIV testing in medical settings. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:349-356.

Institute of Medicine. No time to lose: getting more from HIV prevention. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001. Available at: http://iom.edu/Reports/2000/No-Time-to-Lose-Getting-More-From-HIV-Prevention.aspx.

Jenkins TC, Gardner EM, Thrun MW, Cohn DL, Burman W. Risk-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing fails to detect the majority of HIV-infected persons in medical care settings. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33:329-333.

Chen Z, Branson B, Ballenger A, Peterman TA. Risk assessment to improve targeting of HIV counseling and testing services for STD clinic patients. Sex Transm Dis. 1998;25:539-543.

Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, et al. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55:1-17.

Recommendations for HIV testing services for inpatients and outpatients in acute-care hospital settings. MMWR. Recomm Rep. 1993;42(RR-2):1-6.

US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for HIV. July 2005. Available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspshivi.htm. Accessed December 17, 2011.

Dodd RY, Notari EP, Stramer SL. Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window-period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor population. Transfusion. 2002;42:975-979.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. US Public Health Service recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women. MMWR. 1995;44(No. RR-7).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS surveillance report; 1999. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/past.htm#surveillance. Accessed December 17, 2011.

Public Health Service Task Force. Recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1-infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States. Available at http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/PerinatalGL.pdf. Accessed December 17, 2011.

Cooper ER, Charurat M, Mofenson L, et al. Combination antiretroviral strategies for the treatment of pregnant HIV-1–infected women and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;29:484-494.

Karon JM, Fleming PL, Steketee RW, De Cock KM. HIV in the United States at the turn of the century: an epidemic in transition. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:1060-1068.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses—33 states, 2001-2004. MMWR. 2005;54:1149-1153.

Marks G, Crepaz N, Senterfitt JW, Janssen RS. Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39:446-453.

Bozzette SA. Routine screening for HIV infection—timely and cost-effective. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:620-621.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV testing among pregnant women—United States and Canada, 1998-2001. MMWR. 2002;51:1013-1016.

Fincher-Mergi M, Cartone KJ, Mischler J, Pasieka P, Lerner EB, Billittier AJ IV. Assessment of emergency department healthcare professionals' behaviors regarding HIV testing and referral for patients with STDs. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2002;16:549-553.

Coil CJ, Haukoos JS, Witt MD, Wallace RC, Lewis RJ. Evaluation of an emergency department referral system for outpatient HIV testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;35:52-55.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Voluntary HIV testing as part of routine medical care—Massachusetts, 2002. MMWR. 2004;53:523-526.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men—five US cities, June 2004-April 2005. MMWR. 2005;54:597-601.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Routinely recommended HIV testing at an urban urgent-care clinic—Atlanta, Georgia, 2000. MMWR. 2001;50:538-541.

Kelen GD, Shahan JB, Quinn TC. Emergency department--based HIV screening and counseling: experience with rapid and standard serologic testing. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33:147-155.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Anonymous or confidential HIV counseling and voluntary testing in federally funded testing sites—United States, 1995-1997. MMWR. 1999;48:509-513.

Walensky RP, Weinstein MC, Smith HE, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. Optimal allocation of testing dollars: the example of HIV counseling, testing, and referral. Med Decis Making. 2005;25:321-329.

Sanders GD, Bayoumi AM, Sundaram V, et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:570-585.

Weinhardt LS, Carey MP, Johnson BT, Bickham NL. Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997. Am J Public Health. 1999;89:1397-1405.

Kamb ML, Fishbein M, Douglas JM, et al. Efficacy of risk-reduction counseling to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted diseases: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;280:1161-1167.

EXPLORE Study Team. Effects of a behavioural intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV infection among men who have sex with men: the EXPLORE randomised controlled study. Lancet. 2004;364:41-50.

Alpert PL, Shuter J, DeShaw MG, Webber MP, Klein RS. Factors associated with unrecognized HIV-1 infection in an inner-city emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;28:159-164.

Liddicoat RV, Horton NJ, Urban R, Maier E, Christiansen D, Samet JH. Assessing missed opportunities for HIV testing in medical settings. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:349-356.

Dodd RY, Notari EP, Stramer SL. Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window-period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor population. Transfusion. 2002;42:975-979.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women. MMWR. 1995;44(No. RR-7).

« BACK

	3. Promoting HIV Testing in Diverse Populations Curricula 1 2 3 4 AETC-NMC Home Curricula Home Glossary Feedback

	About Curriculum 3 Module 1: U.S. HIV Epidemiology Learning Objectives & Pretraining Assessment The HIV Epidemic in the United States The HIV Epidemic, cont. By Risk Group Key Events in the US HIV Epidemic (early 1980s - late 1990s) (2000 - present) African American Populations Hispanic/Latino Populations MSM Populations Asian and Pacific Islander Populations American Indian/Native Alaska Populations Summary References Assessment Questions Module 2: Recommendations for Routine HIV Testing Learning Objectives & Pretraining Assessment Development of HIV Screening Recommendations Rationale Underlying the 2006 Recommendations Revised Recommendations for HIV Testing Summary References Assessment Questions Module 3: Benefits of Early Testing and Risks of Delayed Testing Learning Objectives & Pretraining Assessment Timing of Initiation of HAART Guidelines on Starting Antiretroviral Therapy Benefits Associated With Early Therapy Initiation Diagnosis in the ED Risks of Delayed HIV Diagnosis and Treatment Summary References Assessment Questions Module 4: Barriers to Testing and Strategies to Improve Rates of Routine HIV Testing Learning Objectives & Pretraining Assessment Discovering Barriers to Wider Use of HIV Screening Provider-Related Barriers Impact of State and Local Laws and Regulations Population-Specific Barriers Factors That Impede HIV Testing Among Latinos Factors That Impede HIV Testing Among American Indians/Alaska Natives Factors That Impede HIV Testing Among Asian/Pacific Islanders Strategies to Improve Routine HIV Testing Working With Community Organizations Summary References Assessment Questions Module 5: HIV Testing Technologies Learning Objectives & Pretraining Assessment Point-of-Care Testing vs Laboratory-Based Testing Confirmatory Tests Availability of Results Point-of-Care Testing Issues Key Resources for Understanding and Employing HIV Testing Technologies Summary References Assessment Questions Case Studies Suggested Activities	References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Advancing HIV prevention: new strategies for a changing epidemic—United States, 2003. MMWR. 2003;52:329-332. Institute of Medicine, National Research Council. Reducing the odds: preventing perinatal transmission of HIV in the United States. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999. Troccoli K, Pollard H III, McMahon M, Foust E, Erickson K, Schulkin J. Human immunodeficiency virus counseling and testing practices among North Carolina providers. Obstet Gynecol. 2002;100:420-427. Epstein RM, Morse DS, Frankel RM, Frarey L, Anderson K, Beckman HB. Awkward moments in patient-physician communication about HIV risk. Ann Intern Med. 1998;128:435-442. Kellock DJ, Rogstad KE. Attitudes to HIV testing in general practice. Int J STD AIDS. 1998;9:263-267. Frieden TR, Das-Douglas M, Kellerman SE, Henning KJ. Applying public health principles to the HIV epidemic. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2397-2402. Walensky RP, Weinstein MC, Kimmel AD, et al. Routine human immunodeficiency virus testing: an economic evaluation of current guidelines. Am J Med. 2005;118:292-300. Paltiel AD, Weinstein MC, Kimmel AD, et al. Expanded screening for HIV in the United States—an analysis of cost-effectiveness. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:586-595. Rothman RE. Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for HIV counseling, testing, and referral: critical role of and a call to action for emergency physicians. Ann Emerg Med. 2004;44: 31-42. Lyons MS, Lindsell CJ, Ledyard HK, Frame PT, Trott AT. Emergency department HIV testing and counseling: an ongoing experience in a low-prevalence area. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;46:22-28. Wilson JM, Jungner G. Principles and practice of screening for disease. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1968. Klein D, Hurley LB, Merrill D, Quesenberry CP Jr. Review of medical encounters in the 5 years before a diagnosis of HIV-1 infection: implications for early detection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;32:143-152. Alpert PL, Shuter J, DeShaw MG, Webber MP, Klein RS. Factors associated with unrecognized HIV-1 infection in an inner-city emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;28:159-164. Liddicoat RV, Horton NJ, Urban R, Maier E, Christiansen D, Samet JH. Assessing missed opportunities for HIV testing in medical settings. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:349-356. Institute of Medicine. No time to lose: getting more from HIV prevention. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2001. Available at: http://iom.edu/Reports/2000/No-Time-to-Lose-Getting-More-From-HIV-Prevention.aspx. Jenkins TC, Gardner EM, Thrun MW, Cohn DL, Burman W. Risk-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing fails to detect the majority of HIV-infected persons in medical care settings. Sex Transm Dis. 2006;33:329-333. Chen Z, Branson B, Ballenger A, Peterman TA. Risk assessment to improve targeting of HIV counseling and testing services for STD clinic patients. Sex Transm Dis. 1998;25:539-543. Branson BM, Handsfield HH, Lampe MA, et al. Revised recommendations for HIV testing of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55:1-17. Recommendations for HIV testing services for inpatients and outpatients in acute-care hospital settings. MMWR. Recomm Rep. 1993;42(RR-2):1-6. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for HIV. July 2005. Available at: http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/uspshivi.htm. Accessed December 17, 2011. Dodd RY, Notari EP, Stramer SL. Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window-period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor population. Transfusion. 2002;42:975-979. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. US Public Health Service recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women. MMWR. 1995;44(No. RR-7). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV/AIDS surveillance report; 1999. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/topics/surveillance/resources/reports/past.htm#surveillance. Accessed December 17, 2011. Public Health Service Task Force. Recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1-infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission in the United States. Available at http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ContentFiles/PerinatalGL.pdf. Accessed December 17, 2011. Cooper ER, Charurat M, Mofenson L, et al. Combination antiretroviral strategies for the treatment of pregnant HIV-1–infected women and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;29:484-494. Karon JM, Fleming PL, Steketee RW, De Cock KM. HIV in the United States at the turn of the century: an epidemic in transition. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:1060-1068. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in HIV/AIDS diagnoses—33 states, 2001-2004. MMWR. 2005;54:1149-1153. Marks G, Crepaz N, Senterfitt JW, Janssen RS. Meta-analysis of high-risk sexual behavior in persons aware and unaware they are infected with HIV in the United States: implications for HIV prevention programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;39:446-453. Bozzette SA. Routine screening for HIV infection—timely and cost-effective. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:620-621. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV testing among pregnant women—United States and Canada, 1998-2001. MMWR. 2002;51:1013-1016. Fincher-Mergi M, Cartone KJ, Mischler J, Pasieka P, Lerner EB, Billittier AJ IV. Assessment of emergency department healthcare professionals' behaviors regarding HIV testing and referral for patients with STDs. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2002;16:549-553. Coil CJ, Haukoos JS, Witt MD, Wallace RC, Lewis RJ. Evaluation of an emergency department referral system for outpatient HIV testing. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;35:52-55. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Voluntary HIV testing as part of routine medical care—Massachusetts, 2002. MMWR. 2004;53:523-526. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevalence, unrecognized infection, and HIV testing among men who have sex with men—five US cities, June 2004-April 2005. MMWR. 2005;54:597-601. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Routinely recommended HIV testing at an urban urgent-care clinic—Atlanta, Georgia, 2000. MMWR. 2001;50:538-541. Kelen GD, Shahan JB, Quinn TC. Emergency department--based HIV screening and counseling: experience with rapid and standard serologic testing. Ann Emerg Med. 1999;33:147-155. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Anonymous or confidential HIV counseling and voluntary testing in federally funded testing sites—United States, 1995-1997. MMWR. 1999;48:509-513. Walensky RP, Weinstein MC, Smith HE, Freedberg KA, Paltiel AD. Optimal allocation of testing dollars: the example of HIV counseling, testing, and referral. Med Decis Making. 2005;25:321-329. Sanders GD, Bayoumi AM, Sundaram V, et al. Cost-effectiveness of screening for HIV in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:570-585. Weinhardt LS, Carey MP, Johnson BT, Bickham NL. Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997. Am J Public Health. 1999;89:1397-1405. Kamb ML, Fishbein M, Douglas JM, et al. Efficacy of risk-reduction counseling to prevent human immunodeficiency virus and sexually transmitted diseases: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;280:1161-1167. EXPLORE Study Team. Effects of a behavioural intervention to reduce acquisition of HIV infection among men who have sex with men: the EXPLORE randomised controlled study. Lancet. 2004;364:41-50. Alpert PL, Shuter J, DeShaw MG, Webber MP, Klein RS. Factors associated with unrecognized HIV-1 infection in an inner-city emergency department. Ann Emerg Med. 1996;28:159-164. Liddicoat RV, Horton NJ, Urban R, Maier E, Christiansen D, Samet JH. Assessing missed opportunities for HIV testing in medical settings. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19:349-356. Dodd RY, Notari EP, Stramer SL. Current prevalence and incidence of infectious disease markers and estimated window-period risk in the American Red Cross blood donor population. Transfusion. 2002;42:975-979. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for human immunodeficiency virus counseling and voluntary testing for pregnant women. MMWR. 1995;44(No. RR-7). « BACK NEXT »
	Accessibility · Copyright and Disclaimers © Howard University The AIDS Education and Training Center-National Multicultural Center (AETC-NMC) at Howard University website was made possible by Health Resources and Services Administration, HIV/AIDS Bureau (HAB) of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (grant #U2THA19645).

3. Promoting HIV Testing in Diverse Populations

References